Lubricant



I pounds.

Patented Jan. 16,1945 j PATENT nunnrom' Eilliott Alfred Evans,Beaconsfleld, England; as-

signor to C. C; Wakefield &' Company Limited, West Ridge, Beaconstleld,England, a British mnany no mawinasnpucautn November z1,1 4 1.1s=

.-11-g 4l1jNo'. 420,017, In Great Brltainlanum 8. v I

i a Claims. {This invention is-for improvement -finer "re:

lating to lubricants and has for its object to provide improvedlubricating compositions that I possesshigh film rupture-strengthihereinatter referred to as R. 8.) and/orgood wear-reduc-' ingproperties ,and as such are particularly useful under conditions ofextreme pressure and high load characteristics.

It is well-known that the' film' rupture strength and also thewear-reducing properties of. a'lubri-' eating oil may beirnproved by theaddition thereto of various organic substances. It has now beenfoundtliat particularly beneficial properties aslubricating oil additionagents are possessed by 1 quinones. and quinone derivatives.

According to the present invention,'therefor,e,

a lubricating composition; especially a lubricating composition intendedfor use under conditions of extreme pressure, comprises a lubricatingoil'and a minor proportion of a ,quinone'or of a quinone derivative. f

According to a' preferred feature of this-invention, the quinone orquinone derivative contains one or more groups known to convey or toenhance extreme pressure properties in a lubricating oil. For example,there may be present asfsubstituents, halogen atoms, (for example,chlorine atoms), sulphur, nitrogen-containing groups, hy-- Examples ofsuitable droxyl, and ester groups.

quinone derivatives for the purpose of the present invention are.halogen-substituted quinones and N-substituted quinone derivatives (e.g. N-chloroimines) ,and the expression quinone derivative is intended toinclude such N-substituteda com- The organic compounds employed asadditions to a lubricating oil in accordance with the'present invention,are preferably incorporated in a proportion which is but a minorfraction of the total weight of the composition; Ingeneral, amounts ofsaid organic compounds up to ab01'1t -10% by weight of thelubricatingoil (and preferably substantially below this amount) areemployed. It

will be understood that in an particular case, the:

proportion to: be employed. depends upon the stability of thecomposition when the organic compound has been incorporated and therelative considerations of economy in cost and of the lm provem'entdesired. However, in most cases 'it can be said' that the optimumproportion lies below 2% by weight of the lubricatingoil employed.

Inselecting anyparticular compound. from the I. class of organicaddition agents above referred to, regard must be had not only to thenatureoi the.

lubricating oil with which the addition agent is F l tobe incorporatedbut also toth physical characteristics'of the compound. Thus, since thepresent invention is particularly concerned with:

extreme pressure lubricants, it is preferred that pos'sessa relativelyhigh boiling-point'arid decomposition temperature so thatit is' stableunder service .conditions;' compounds which do not dethisr'espect. aFurthermore; it. is to be understood that the j addition agents sh'allbe. substantially oil-soluble or of such, a nature that they may beincluded in the lubricating composition in the form of a stablesuspension. Certain of the addition agents contemplated'by thisinvention do not dissolve readil in the lubrlcatingoil and, in-thesecases, the compound ls incorporated in the form of a dispersion (asuitable stabilising agent being added if necessary) or in the form of asolution in a suitable solvent such as cyclohexanol.

The following examples illustrate the present invention.

EXAMPLE I To a-minerallubricating oil there was added 0. 5% by weight ofquinone chloroi-mine. The quinone chlorimide dissolved to form alubricating composition exhibiting a particularly high film rupturestrength and also good wear-reducing properties. Comparative testsconducted with the untreated oil and with the said composition, in knowntypes of machines for film rupture strength and wear characteristicsgave the following results:

, V w r. R. s. gg

4 1 ntreated 011-, 4.000 "c.4 15 2 Treated oil. ...e .More than 15,000 va a ExAMPLEII 05% by weight of 2.6-dichlor'oouinone was dis-'- solved .ma mineral lubricating oil and, as in the lease of Example I, comparativetestson the im treated and treated oils were carried out. The followingresultswere obtained;

5o s w R. s. impmmn -1 Untreated 011.-- 4.000 0.415 2 Treatedoil s,ooo0.2;:0 55 I -,the 'quinone or quinone derivative employed shall composebelow C.- are particularly useful in a parafllnic nature, but they maybe incorporated in other lubricating oils with advantageous results.

tions to lubricating oils and particularly to mineral lubricating oilthe device used for testing F. R. S. was the well-known Almen oiltesting machine in which a hearing or bush immersed in the oil to betested supports a rotating journal or pin to which weights are graduallyapplied at regular time intervals until some irregularity is noticed,the recorded figure being measured in pounds per square inch at thelimit. The particular Almen machine used did not record above 15,000lbs/in. In the same way the device used for testing wear-reducingproperties was the ell-known "Avery-Brownsdon" wear and lubricant testerin which a hard steel wheel rapidly In determining the suitability oiparticular quinonesor quinone derivatives for use as addirevolved incontact with a smooth steel plate coated with the lubricant makes a markof measurable length. The wear impression is measured in inches. In thetests referred to below (unless otherwise stated) the oil used was amineral lubricating oil or a paramnic character andthe table whichfollows-shows the results of typical tests.

In a blank test using the paraillnic oil alone the wear impression was0.415" and the F. R. S. was 4,000. As cyclchexanol was used as a solventin certain cases a blank test was made by adding 10% or cyclohexanolalone to the parafllnic oil and on test the wear impression was 0.410"and and the F. R; 8. 6,000.

It is found in certain cases that a lubricating composition of improvedquality can be obtained by incorporating with the lubricating oil notonly a quinone or quinone derivative but also a sulphur-containingcompound, for example, an organic mercaptan, an organic disulphide, athiccyanate or a thioether.

The results obtained may be divided into two classes (1) those obtainedby adding to the oil single substances of the quinone class, and (2)those obtained by adding to the oil mixtures of quinones especiallyhalogenated qulnones with sulphur compounds.

Team: I

Adding to the oil single substances Perm Wear Compound Formula on the F.B. B. impression 0 l Inches quinone (with 10% erelobmollwnnauuunu- O 0.8 1, 000 0. 316

- 2:0 disbioroguiannc... 0 0. 5 8, 0. 250 I 1 0 10,000 0. 185 C1 01'irichlaoqaiml- 0 a s a, 000 o. 225 i. o 16, 000 0. 165

Calm-ail (mandamus) 0 0. t a, 000 o. 225 1.0 1s,000 0.155 c I l C1 C1 C1um,aaishlmmm..,. 0 0.6 0.295

' c Iocin 011:0 Cl

moms

Lorol thiocyanate is a mixture of thio-cyanates derived from straightchain fatty alcohols of 8 and 10 carbon atoms.

Thioether 1% 2:6 dichloroquinone l% l5,000

The thioe thlocthsr.

The results 01' the tests have shown that the chloroquinones and thequinone chloroimine are particularly useful. It has also been noticedthat useful properties are conferred by the presence inthe-qulnonemolecule of halogen and further substituents such as hydroxylgroups.

In the above description, the only mixtures specified (for addition tolubricating oil) are mixther used wasdi(3zcarbomethoxv-izhydroxyphenyl)' tures oi quinones or quinonederivatives with 5111- phur-containing compoundsbut it will beunderstood that the lubricating compositions prepared according to thisinvention may als include other oil improvers including metalliccompounds, oxidation inhibitors such as tertiarybutyl cresol orcorrosion inhibitors such as mercaptobenztbiaaole.

' Compound Formula m r. a. s. V yg v 4:? imam Chloranllic acid (with 10%cycloliexanol) 0 o. s

I c on '7 i v I Q 0 magician 2 B-dibydroxyquinone (with lo? cyclohex it5 0.295

ON on no CN 'letrakil ethyl-thioqninone o 0.25 10,000 I r cans sctmclnis SUSHI Qulnonoehloroinilno N-Cl 0.6 15,0o0 0.200

quinonsdlchloro di-imine N c1 0.5 1ao00 0.25

has: II In the examples the oil used is of a parafllnic mm. nature, butit will be understood that mineral oils u of an asphaltic or naphtheniccharacter may Bulphnrcom und Other com nonts 1" R S ambeused' Somelubricating oils contain a proportion or m a fatty oil or vegetable oilsuch as rape oil and i 32, such oils may be used in the preparation oflubrif gg% 25 51 3 fiZm 5o eating compositions according to thisinvention. v Loroi anate g p c] I z 1. A lubricating compositionsuitable for use under conditions oi. extreme pressure comprising alubricating 'oil and a suflicient amount of a quinone chloro-imlne toimpart extreme pressure properties to the composition.

under conditions oi'--extreme pressure comprising a lubricating oil anda minor proportion of a.

quinone compound having at least one substituent group containingnitrogen and a halogen, said compound being in suiilclent amount toimpart extreme pressure properties to the composition.

